Cost and Management Accounting for Decision Making (ACCT611)-Semester III
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1st Module Assessment
Salaries of staff in the administration and accounts department is an example of ……………….. Labour.
a.
Direct
b.
Indirect
c.
Both
d.
None
Question 2. Marginal cost is the aggregate of variable costs, i.e. prime cost plus …………… overhead.
a.
Fixed
b.
Direct
c.
variable
d.
Indirect
Question 3. ……………….. cost is the cost of all items involved in the production of a product or service.
a.
Distribution
b.
Assembling
c.
Production
d.
Indirect
Question 4. The feature of these costs is that the total costs remain …………… while per unit fixed cost is always variable.
a.
Direct
b.
Indirect
c.
Varioable
d.
Fixed
Question 5. Primary packaging cost is included in production cost whereas secondary packaging cost is ……………… cost.
a.
Alliedd
b.
Direct
c.
distribution
d.
indirect
Question 6. ………….. are the costs which are incurred in the past, i.e. in the past year, past month or even in the last week or yesterday.
a.
Predetermined
b.
Anticipated
c.
Historical
d.
Prospective
Question 7. ……….. costs are partly fixed and partly variable.
a.
Variable
b.
Fixed
c.
Semi-Variable
d.
All
Question 8. ……………… helps in better control of the costs and also helps considerably in decision making.
a.
Marginal Costing
b.
Costing
c.
Labout Cost
d.
Classification
Materials consumed, direct labour, sales commission, utilities, freight, packing, etc. are examples of …………….. Cost.
Question 9. Office salaries, printing and stationery, office telephone, office rent, office insurance are example of ……………… Cost.
a.
Fixed
b.
Variable
c.
Administrative
d.
All
Question 10. ……………. cost is the change in the aggregate costs due to change in the volume of output by one unit.
a.
Fixed
b.
Variable
c.
Indirect
d.
Marginal
Question 11. The elements of cost can be classified into …….…… categories.
a.
Four
b.
Five
c.
Three
d.
Two
Cost unit is a form of measurement of volume of …………… or service. Select one:
a. Trade
b. Production
c. Wholesale
d. All of the options
Question 12. ……………….. cost is the cost of wages of those workers who are readily identified or linked with a cost centre or cost object.
a.
Direct Labour
b.
Indirect Labour
c.
Direct Material
d.
Indirect Material
Question 13. ………………….. Cost is the cost of material of any nature used for the purpose of production of a product or a service.
a.
Labour
b.
Manufacturing
c.
Material
d.
Expenses
Question 14. Cost Centre may be of two types – personal and impersonal cost centers.
a.
TRUE
b.
FALSE
c.
Sometimes
d.
In US and UK
Question 15. Classification of cost is the process of ……………… the components of cost under a common designation on the basis of similarities of nature, attributes or relations.
Select one:
a.
Split Off
b.
Grouping
c.
Both of the above
d.
None of the above
Question 16. 1. Selling costs are indirect costs related to selling of products or services
2. Include all indirect cost in sales management for the organization.
a.
Both Statements are correct
b.
First is correct
c.
Second is correct
d.
Both are incorrect
Question 17. Cost is a measurement, in monetary terms, of the amount of resources used for the purpose of production of goods or rendering services.
a.
TRUE
b.
FALSE
c.
Can’t Say
d.
Sometimes
26
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2nd Module Assessment
Cost of previous department is a part of ………….
a.
Transferred-in costs
b.
Transferred-out costs
c.
FIFO costs
d.
LIFO costs
Question 2. Third step in process costing system is to ……………
a.
compute cost for each equivalent unit
b.
summarize total costs
c.
compute output in units
d.
summarize flow of output.
Question 3. Second step in processing costing system is to …………..
a.
summarize flow of output
b.
compute output in units
c.
compute cost for each equivalent unit
d.
summarize total costs
Question 4. If beginning work in process equivalent units are 2500 units, work done in current period equivalent units are 3800 units and ending work in process equivalent units are 5000, then complete equivalent units in current period are ………….. Units.
a.
1200
b.
1300
c.
1500
d.
1800
Question 5. Which of the following businesses is likely to adopt a process costing system?
a.
Printing Process
b.
Academics
c.
Sugar Refining
d.
Construction
Question 6. In process costing system, the materials can be added in …………… department only.
a.
First
b.
Last
c.
Middle
d.
Any
Question 7. The fundamental principle of costing is that the good units should bear the amount of ……………………. loss.
a.
Abnormal
b.
Normal
c.
Direct
d.
Indirect
Question 8. If total incurred cost in a production process are ₹30000 and number of output units are 5000 units, then units cost will be ………… INR.
a.
26
b.
60
c.
16
d.
6
Question 9. Which of the following is not relevant to a process costing system?
a.
Heterogeneous products
b.
Repetitive production
c.
High production volume
d.
Low production flexibility
Question 10. In process costing system, when partially completed units are expressed in terms of fully completed units they are known as …………….. Units.
a.
Completed
b.
Equivalent
c.
Unfinished
d.
Transferred
Materials, labor and overhead costs are traced to processing departments rather than individual products or jobs. This statement is true for ………….. Costing system.
process
Question 11. Imputed Costs are hypothetical or notional costs, not involving cash outlay, computed only for the purpose of ……………..
a.
Tax Filing
b.
Accounting
c.
Reporting
d.
Decision making
Question 12. ………….. Costs are historical costs which are incurred i.e. ‘sunk’ in the past and are not relevant to the particular decision making problem being considered
a.
Reporting
b.
Sunk
c.
Variable
d.
Fixed
Question 13. …………… loss is a loss, which is inevitable in any process. Thus if the input is 100, the output may be 95 if the normal loss is anticipated as 5%.
a.
Abnormal
b.
Normal
c.
Opportunity
d.
Accounting
Question 14. ……………….. cost is generally used for determining the optimum time of replacement of an equipment or machine in consideration of maintenance cost of the existing one and its productive capacity.
a.
Amendment
b.
Changing
c.
Replacement
d.
Abnormal
Abnormal Cost is an unusual or a typical cost whose occurrence is usually irregular and …………….. and due to some abnormal situation of the production.
- Regular b. Unexpected c. Expected d. Sure
Question 15. The process costing system is best suited for:
a.
industries where different types of products are manufactured
b.
industries where homogeneous products are manufactured on continuous basis
c.
service industries only
d.
All of the above
Question 16. Fifth step in process costing system is to ………………..
a.
assign total cost to completed units
b.
compute gross margin
c.
allocate joint costs
d.
allocate separable costs
Question 17. If the actual production units are more than the anticipated units after deducting the normal loss, the difference between the two is known as …………… gain.
a.
Abnormal
b.
Normal
c.
Opportunity
d.
Accounting
29
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3rd Module Assessment
All such expenses which are incurred for creating and enhancing the demands for the products are …………. Expenses.
a.
Administrative
b.
Production
c.
Selling
d.
Distribution
Question 2. Which of the following calculate the actual cost of product?
a.
Cost estimation
b.
Costing
c.
Both (A) and (B)
d.
None of the above
Question 3. The following is(are) the overhead cost(s):
a.
TRUE
b.
FALSE
c.
In US Costing
d.
In UK Costing
Question 4. Investment projects that are competing for scarce resources, where choosing one eliminates another, is called ___________.
a.
Explicit
b.
Mutually Inclusive
c.
Mutually Exclusive
d.
Implicit
Question 5. The cost which varies with the level of production is called …………….. Cost.
a.
Moving
b.
unstable
c.
Variable
d.
Fixed
Question 6. Prime cost = cost of direct labour + cost of direct material + direct expenses
a.
TRUE
b.
FALSE
c.
Can’t Say
d.
In US Costing
Question 7. The amount of work achievable, at standard efficiency levels, in one hour.
a.
Standard Hour
b.
Non-Standard Hour
c.
Fixed Hour
d.
Incremental Hour
Question 8. The cost data provide invaluable information for taking the following managerial decision(s):
a.
To make or buy
b.
To own or hire fixed asset
c.
Determining the expansion or contraction policy
d.
All of the above
Question 9. Cost accounting is a specialized branch of accounting which deals with _____________.
a.
classification
b.
Recording
c.
Allocation and Directing
d.
All Three
Question 10. Any materials that have no value is ………………….. .
a.
Waste
b.
Junk
c.
Both
d.
None
Those future costs which will be affected by a decision to be taken are ………….. Costs.
Relevant costs
Question 11. If contribution margin ratio is 0.3 then contribution margin percentage will be………….. %.
Select one:
a.
10
b.
20
c.
30
d.
0.03
Question 12. Contribution margin = ?
a.
Sales – Fixed expenses
b.
Sales – Selling expenses
c.
Sales – Admin. Expenses
d.
Sales – Variable expenses
Question 13. A contribution margin income statement is usually used by:
a.
tax agencies and banks
b.
customers and suppliers
c.
creditors and investors
d.
internal management
Question 14. The amount by which an item contributes towards covering fixed cost and providing for profit is known as:
a.
Gross Profi
b.
Gross Margin
c.
Contribution Margin
d.
Net Margin
Which of the following is a correct formula to calculate contribution margin ratio (CM ratio)?
a. Contribution margin/Sales
b. Contribution margin/Variable cost
c. Contribution margin/Fixed cost
d. Sales/Contribution margin
Question 15. At breakeven, profit = contribution + fixed costs. This equation is:
a.
Correct
b.
Incorrect
c.
Sometimes Correct
d.
Sometimes Incorrect
Question 16. An amount by which an item or head contributes towards covering fixed cost & providing for profit is commonly called as:
a.
Net profit
b.
gross margin
c.
contribution margin
d.
Gross margin
Question 17. Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a way to find out how …………… in variable and fixed costs affect a firm’s profit.
a.
Addition
b.
Substractions
c.
Changes
d.
fluctutations
28
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4th Module Assessment (23)
Cost or quantitative expression of objectives and a means of monitoring progress towards achievement of those objectives for a specific period is __________.
a.
Abnormal
b.
Absolute
c.
Absorption
d.
Budgeted
Question 2. Factory cost + administrative expenses is equal to …………….. Cost.
a.
Selling
b.
Trading
c.
Manufacturing
d.
Assembling
Question 3. The cost of testing and inspecting both the materials and finished products is ………………. Cost.
a.
Marginal
b.
Appraisal
c.
Appreciation
d.
Unit
Question 4. …………… activity is performed each time a product is produced.
a.
Marginal
b.
Unit
c.
Fixed
d.
Variable
Question 5. Those future costs which will be affected by a decision to be taken are ………….. Costs.
a.
Relevant
b.
Irrelevant
c.
Incremental
d.
Judgemental
Question 6. Cost or quantitative expression of objectives and a means of monitoring progress towards achievement of those objectives for a specific period:
a.
Abnormal
b.
Absolute
c.
Absorption
d.
Budgeted
Question 7. The amount of work achievable at standard efficiency levels in one hour is called _____________.
a.
Standard Hour
b.
Non-Standard Hour
c.
Fixed Hour
d.
Incremental Hour
Question 8. ………….. Cost is associated with an activity that would not be incurred if the activity were not performed.
a.
Rejected
b.
Accepted
c.
Avoidable
d.
Suspended
Question 9. ………………… records Provide the first evidence that a transaction or event has taken place.
a.
Ledger
b.
Journal
c.
Primary
d.
First
Question 10. It is the indirect cost pertaining to the administrativefunction which involves formulation of policies, directing the organisation andcontrolling the operations of an undertaking is …………. Cost.
a.
Abnormal
b.
Absolute
c.
Absorption
d.
Administratrive
Equality of cost is an important feature of …………… method.
a.
Output
b.
Unit
c.
Specialised
d.
Variable
Question 11. ………………….. costing is the method of costing adopted in concerns where there is a production of single product or a few grades of the same product differing only in size, shape or quality by continuous process of manufacture.
a.
Output
b.
Unit
c.
Variable
d.
Reliable
Question 12. Unit or output costing is that method of costing in which cost are ascertained per unit of a single product in a continuous manufacturing activity.
a.
TRUE
b.
FALSE
c.
Sometimes
d.
Can’t Say
Question 13. …………… capacity refers to temporary idleness of available resources due to irregular interruptions.
a.
Idle
b.
Dubious
c.
Real
d.
Real
Question 14. Unit method is also called the ……. costing.
a.
Single
b.
Double
c.
Specialised
d.
Management
Question 15. Cost of preparing drawings for the manufacture of a particular product is …………….
a.
Net profit
b.
gross margin
c.
Indirect expense
d.
Direct Expense
Question 16. The payment made to a ………………. is cost of direct labour.
a.
Supervisor
b.
Inspector
c.
Machinist
d.
Academician
Question 17. ………….. Cost is also known as overhead costs or on costs.
a.
Direct
b.
Indirect
c.
Gross
d.
Net
23
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5th Module Assessment
Investment projects that are competing for scarce resources, where choosing one eliminates another.
Select one:
a.
Explicit
b.
Mutually Inclusive
c.
Mutually Exclusive
d.
Implicit
Question 2. One which is not capable of being regulated by a manager within a defined boundary of responsibility, although it may be a cost incurred so that the responsibility may be exercised.
a.
Controllable
b.
Adjustable
c.
Fixed
d.
Non-controllable
Question 3. Income after making all permissible deductions is called ……………. income.
a.
Net
b.
Gross
c.
Actual
d.
Factual
Question 4. It can be increased or decreased at the discretion of the decision maker.
a.
Appraisal
b.
Appreciation
c.
Unit
d.
Discretionary
Question 5. Unstated and unrecorded cost is also called ………………. Cost.
a.
Explicit
b.
Implicit
c.
Unit
d.
Incremental
Question 6. The cost difference expected if one course of action is adopted instead of others is called ……. Cost.
a.
Differential
b.
Common
c.
Unit
d.
Motivated
Question 7. In the month of January, 300 labour hours were worked for a total cost of Rs 4800. The variable overhead expenditure variance was Rs 600 (A). Overheads are assumed to be related to direct labour hours of active working. What was the standard cost per labour hour?
a.
14
b.
16
c.
18
d.
34
Question 8. Cost of one more item, unit or customer is __________.
a.
Appraisal
b.
Appreciation
c.
Unit
d.
Incremental
Question 9. FIFO stands for First in ………… out.
a.
First
b.
Fast
c.
Foremost
d.
Feasible
Question 10. Combination of budgeted profit and loss account, cash flow statement and balance sheet, created from detailed budgets brought together within a finance plan is ………………. Budget.
a.
Actual
b.
Master
c.
Real
d.
Combined
Question 11. In activity based costing, costs are accumulated by …………….
a.
Cost objects
b.
Cost Pool
c.
Cost benefi t analysis
d.
None of the above
Question 12. ……………….. cost is the change in the aggregate costs due to change in the volume of output by one unit.
a.
Relevant
b.
Opportunity
c.
Marginal
d.
Differential
Question 13. …………… costing method is used in firms which work on the basis of job work.
a.
Batch
b.
Job
c.
Operating
d.
Contract
Question 14. This principle envisages that there should not be any intermediate stage like storekeeping.
a.
ABC
b.
JIT
c.
FSNA
d.
VED
Such a cost sheet is prepared prior to the actual commencement of the period of production.
a. Silver
b. Green
c. Blue
d. Estimated
Question 15. Tools like standard costing and target costing can be used effectively for cost control and cost …………
a.
Enhancement
b.
Maximisation
c.
Reduction
d.
Absorption
Question 16. Material purchased from supplier should directly go the assembly line, i.e. to the production department is an example of…………………
a.
VED Analysis
b.
LIFO
c.
FIFO
d.
JIT
Question 17. The storing cost can be saved to a great extent by using ……….. technique.
a.
FASN
b.
JIT
c.
VED
d.
HIFO
26
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Assignment 2
CASE STUDY
Kaizen Costing emphasizes on small but continuous improvement. Targets once set at the beginning of the year or activities are updated continuously to reflect the improvement that has already been achieved and that are yet to be achieved. The suggestive changes which are required to be adopted Kaizen Costing concepts in MIL are as follows:
Standard Cost Control System to Cost Reduction System: Traditionally Standard Costing system assumes stability in the current manufacturing process and standards are set keeping the normal manufacturing process into account thus the whole effort is on to meet performance cost standard. On the other hand Kaizen Costing believes in continuous improvements in manufacturing processes and hence, the goal is to achieve cost reduction target. The first change required is the standard setting methodology i.e. from earlier Cost Control System to Cost Reduction System.
Reduction in the periodicity of setting Standards and Variance Analysis: Under the existing planning and control system followed by the MIL, standards are set semi-annually and based on these standards monthly variance reports are generated for analysis. But under Kaizen Costing system cost reduction targets are set for small periods say for a week or a month. So the period covered under a standard should be reduced from semi-annually to monthly and the current practice of generating variance reports may be continued or may be reduced to a week.
Participation of Executives or Workers in standard setting: Under the Kaizen Costing system participation of workers or executives who are actually involved in the manufacturing process are highly appreciated while setting standards. So the current system of setting budgets and standards by the Finance department with the mere consent of Board of Directors required to be changed.
What is the share of MIL in Indian Car Market in percentage?
a.
11
b.
22
c.
33
d.
44
Question 2. What emphasize on small but continuous improvement?
a.
Costing
b.
Kaizen Costing
c.
MIL
d.
Quality
Question 3. As per the case, MIL, standards are set as …………
a.
Monthly
b.
Half-Yearly
c.
Annualy
d.
Quarterly
Question 4. Kaizen Costing believes in ………………. improvements in manufacturing processes.
a.
Initial
b.
Last Minute
c.
Continuous
d.
Assembling
Question 5. According to Kaizen Costing System, participation of workers or executives who are actually involved in the manufacturing process are highly appreciated while setting ……………….
a.
Factory
b.
Establishment
c.
Standards
d.
Company
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