Principles &Practices of Management

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Principles &Practices of Management

1. What were the Hawthorne studies? What effect did they have on the Management practices?
2. What steps can an organisation take to increase the motivational force for high levels of performance?
3. Explain briefly various Management Functions. What is the basis for saying that planning is the most crucial management function? Discuss.
4.Explain the MBO Process.
5. Elucidate the relationship between planning and control.

Section B

CASE STUDY

When play becomes work Sheeted Banavali’s daily routine as a Team Leader at UK 3 in anything but ordinary. Eight straight hours of handling a team of executives servicing customers from halfway across the world is bound to leave anyone exhausted. “I either go to Unwind, which plays great music, or Cuisine, where the food is top of the world. Sometimes I even go to Finesse to get my hairdo right,” she says. Unwind and Cuisine, by the way, are theme cafeterias, while Finesse is a beauty salon. And yes, all three are located within the 3 office premises at Mind space, Malady. “We are setting the benchmark in HR practices,” says 3 Head (Recruitment and HR Support) Achill Sharma, who prefers describing the 5,000-employees strong 3 as a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) company rather than a plain Jane BPO. “Our focus is the employee and we believe in nurturing his or her talent.” With a Citibank ATM inside the office, a full-fledged gaming arcade, a higher education programme – Gurukul – that has a tie-up with institutions like NorseMonee Institute of Management Studies and the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India allowing employees to pursue an MBA or a CA, the only thing missing is bed and breakfast. “By the way, we have three company guesthouses if the staff wants to stay overnight,” says Sharma with a laugh, even market leaders joins the game. If BPOs are upping the ante, the IT companies, small and big, aren’t far behind. Sudheesh Denktash, Vice- President, HR, of the India operations of Tesco, the world’s largest grocery home-shopping service in the world, puts the paradigm shift in perspective calling it the ‘death of the personnel manager'” The IT industry has effectively ensured that the old personnel department is gone and done away with. Human resources today is completely about talent management and retention,” he says. And walking the talk, Tesco offers employees not only maternity and paternity leave, but also adoption leave. “We are an equal opportunity employer and if any employee of ours wants to adopt a child, we will support him or her in every possible ways,” he says. The Tesco campus at Whitefield in Bangalore also houses a learning centre where employees can register themselves for a retail certification course from no less than the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Bangalore. “We have also done away with the probation period because we are in the business of training people,” says Denktash. Gurgaon-based Eon Technologies, which handles offshore projects across Europe, is a small company by Indian IT standards. “But we have practices which are cutting edge,” says Preamp Pillai, head of HR at the company. “Tele-commuting, flexi-time and retreats focused on team building are our strong points.”

QUESTION 1. What principles of motivation are being used here?
QUESTION 2. What control tools would be most effective in this kind of work environment?
QUESTION 3. Can such efforts lead to a consistent behaviour in organisations? Give reasons.

QUESTION 1

Decreasing the role of subordinates in decision-making is known as?

Decentralisation

Stabilization

Centralization

Organization

QUESTION 2

Which of the following refers to the flow of information among people on the same or similar organizational levels?

Diagonal

Upward

Horizontal

Downward

QUESTION 3

Which of the following is a question that needs to be answered in job analysis?

What physical and mental tasks does the worker accomplish?

What qualifications are needed to perform the job?

When is the job to be completed?

All of the above.

QUESTION 4

______________refers to the ability of individuals or groups to induce or influence the beliefs or actions of other individuals or groups.

Power

Responsibility

Delegation

Discipline

QUESTION 5

Which one management function helps maintain managerial effectiveness by establishing guidelines for future activities?

Organizing

Planning

Staffing

Leading

QUESTION 6

Which is not a leadership theory?

Trait theory

ERG theory

Contingency theory

Transactional theory

QUESTION 7

Which is an esteem need?

Basic pay

Safety regulations

Prestigious office location

Training

QUESTION 8

“What interview is comprehensive, and the interviewer encourages the applicant to do much of the talking?”

Unstructured

Structured

Stress

Directive

QUESTION 9

What are the typical products of job analysis?

Job descriptions and job specifications

Work standards

Work schedules

Desired financial incentives

QUESTION 10

In Basket Technique is used in

Production

Marketing

Training

Accounting

QUESTION 11

Key result areas are usually terms as

Objectives

Missions

Goals

KRAs

QUESTION 12

Which one is not a stage of Group process?

Forming

Norming

Welcoming

Performing

QUESTION 13

MBO was first suggested by

F.W. Taylor

Henri Fayol

Peter F. Drucker

Watson

QUESTION 14

Which managerial function gives attention to influencing and motivating employees to improve performance and achieve corporate objectives?

Leading

Organizing

Staffing

Controlling

QUESTION 15

Job Evaluation is a technique which aims at:

Establishing fair and equitable pay structure

Analysing of requirement of updating technology

Assessing safety requirement of jobs

Improving productivity

QUESTION 16

Which is an advantage of decentralization?

Encourages decision-making

Easy to have uniform policy

Greater Control

Decreases complexity of coordination

QUESTION 17

Performance review is done to

Reward work done

Focus on areas requiring improvement

Giving appropriate feed back to individuals

All of the above

QUESTION 18

The general conclusion of the ‘Relay Assembly Test Room Experiments’ was that employees would work better if the management were concerned about their welfare and superiors paid special attention to them. This phenomenon was subsequently labeled as the

Relay effect

Hawthorne effect

Behavioural effect

Human effect

QUESTION 19

Which is not a way to overcome the initial resistance to change in organizations?

Education and Communication

Group inertia

Participation and involvement

Negotiation and agreement

QUESTION 20

Management of change refers to

Help people to adopt to the change

Changing people

Change the organization structure

Change the top management

QUESTION 21

Requisites of effective supervision are

Technical knowledge of the work

Managerial knowledge

Knowledge of rules & regulations

All of the above

QUESTION 22

According to Herzberg and his associates are job content factors which lead to job satisfaction?

Motivators

Hygiene factor

Context factors

Physiological factors

QUESTION 23

“The establishment of a distinct area, unit of subsystem of an organization over which a manager has authority for the performance of specialized activities and results is termed_____________”

Centralization

Depart mentation

Decentralization

Functionalization

QUESTION 24

Democratic leadership is also know as leadership.

Autocratic

Participative

Bureaucratic

Laissez-faire

QUESTION 25

A/an _______is a vital tool for providing information about organizational relationships.

Organizational chart

Functional chart

Organizational model

Functional model

QUESTION 26

Which control principles suggests that managers should be informed about a problem only when the data shows a significant deviation from established standards?

Management by walking around

Management by objectives

Management by goals

Management by exception

QUESTION 27

Line Managers are:

Supervisors

Staff authorities

Managers with authority to direct operations in their spheres of activity

Managers with authority to direct operations in their spheres of activity

QUESTION 28

“When an employee asks a question or reports a problem to his or her supervisor, this is an example of which direction of communication?”

Grapevine

Lateral

Downward

Upward

QUESTION 29

You have decided to send a message to your supervisor requesting vacation time. You brainstorm some basic concepts and now must decide how to phrase this information for your supervisor. You are at which of the following steps in the communication process?

Sending

Receiving

Encoding

Decoding

QUESTION 30

Group decision-making has certain advantages over individual decision-making. Which of the following statements is not true with regard to group decision-making?

It allows pooling of knowledge and information

It’s a source of personnel development

It discourages risk taking

It’s time consuming and costly

QUESTION 31

The idea that workers look for meaning in their work and will actively seek out new responsibility is most consistent with which of these needs identified by Maslow?

Safety

Social

Self-actualization

Physiological

QUESTION 32

A manager’s posture during a communication with a colleague is an example of which aspect of the communications process?
Decoding

Non-verbal behavior

Informal channel

The grapevine

QUESTION 33

The organization chart is a way of showing

How the tasks of an organization are divided and co-ordinated

The informal patterns of communication

The stakeholders who have an interest in the company

The physical layout of the buildings on a site

QUESTION 34

“When a manager secures the agreement of a colleague to work on a project in return for the promise of providing the colleague with some extra remuneration, what type of power is he or she exercising?”

Expert power

Coercive power

Referent power

Reward power

QUESTION 35

_______________________spans of management create __________structures with many levels of management.

Wide ; tall

Narrow ; tall

Wide ; unpredictable

Narrow ; flat

QUESTION 36

Which of the following is not one of the steps identified as part of the controlling process?

Setting performance standards or goals

Measuring performance

Writing the reports

Taking corrective action

QUESTION 37

“According to Herzberg, which of the following can be classified as a motivator?”

Working conditions

Pay

Supervision

Recognition

QUESTION 38

“Which of the following refers to changing a task to make it inherently more rewarding, motivating and satisfying?”

Enlargement

Rotation

Enhancement

Enrichment

QUESTION 39

The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one’s success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces is referred to as

Authoritarianism

b) Emotional stability

c) Locus of control

Extroversion

QUESTION 40

________________is a process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it.

TQM

Continuous improvement

Benchmarking

Empowerment

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