Financial Management (OOBB 402)-Semester IV

Financial Management (OOBB 402)-Semester IV
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  1. Explain why debt is usually considered the cheapest source of financing available?

2 . Differenciate between financial and business risks?

3 . Discuss the different approaches of financing of working capital requirements?

4 . Describe any two methods of incorporating risk in capital budgeting decisions?

5 . Explain the merits of using market value weights in computing weighted average cost of capital?
Answer

6 . Explain any two methods of cash management?

7 . State with illustration the practical application of time value of money?

8 . Critically explain the factors affecting dividend decisions?

Case Detail :
Working capital—Do you have enough?
Lending institutions are scrutinizing an operation’s working capital status as part of the lending decision. Now more than ever, it’s time to do a little scrutinizing yourself. When I hit the road to speak, one of the most important slides I regularly use highlights how lending criteria has changed since the financial crisis. To illustrate that point, the slide includes a quote from Nick Parsons, head of research with the National Australia Bank: “So capitalism has changed…the owner or the custodian of capital [i.e. lending institutions] is much more careful about where they use that capital.”
To that end, most readers have likely experienced increased scrutiny from their lenders in this post-crisis world. And one of the key criteria that lenders use to make decisions revolves around availability of working capital within any operation; working capital being a function of current assets less current liabilities. It’s a measure of an operation’s buffer to meet its short-term obligations, hence the importance to lenders.
Perhaps equally important, it’s a key indicator of cash reserve availability to meet unexpected emergencies. Thus, it is an important component of risk management to ensure business continuity within the operation without the need to borrow additional funds. As an example, albeit simplified, a pickup is typically a critical operational asset for most cow-calf operations. What if it catches on fire and suddenly needs to be replaced, else the cows don’t get fed? After insurance provides some portion towards replacement, does the operation have sufficient working capital to meet the remainder of the obligation? This type of assessment has become more important to lenders since the financial crisis.
This week’s graph highlights USDA’s updated aggregate working capital estimates in agriculture. Clearly, as last week’s illustration depicts, declining revenue has taken a big hit out of working capital reserves for agriculture. Working capital has declined nearly 50% – the loss exceeds $82 billion in just three years. That’s a concerning trend – and if it continues, will clearly have implications in the coming years.
What are you doing to maintain strong cash and working capital reserves amidst declining revenue? What new expectations do you your lenders have during the past several years and going into 2017? How will you adjust going forward? Leave your thoughts in the comments section below.

  1. Provide the brief summary of the case in your own words?
  2. What new expectations do your lenders have during the past several years and going into future?
  3. What should be done to maintain strong cash and working capital reserves amidst declining revenue?

” .. are your business scores that come from your Income Statement and Balance Sheet, not the Cash Flow Statement.”
Select one:
a. Marks
b. Financial Scores
c. Points
d. Ratios
“A part of the organisation where the manager has responsibility for generating revenues, controlling costs and producing a satisfactory return on capital invested in the division.”
Select one:
a. Brekarage
b. Brokerage
c. Division
d. Recasting
“Business practices designed by companies to make production and delivery systems more competitive in world markets by eliminating or minimizing waste, errors, and costs.”
Select one:
a. Re-engineering
b. Restructuring
c. Revaluation
d. Recasting
“Credit analysis, or the assessment of creditworthiness, is undertaken by analysing and evaluating information relating to a customer s history?”
Select one:
a. Non-Financial
b. Non-Monetary
c. Financial
d. Monetary

“Liquid funds, for example cash, earn no return and so will not increase profitability. “
Select one:
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
c. rare
d. Sometimes

“Rate risk refers to the fact that when short-term finance is renewed, the rates may vary when compared to the .. rate. “
Select one:
a. Current
b. Previous
c. Accounting
d. Industry

“The factors to be considered in formulating a trade receivables policy relate to credit analysis, credit control and receivables collection.”
Select one:
a. TRUE
b. Sometimes
c. Rare
d. FALSE

“The length of the cash .. depends on working capital policy in relation to the level of investment in working capital, and on the nature of the business operations of a company.”
Select one:
a. requirement
b. Operating Cycle
c. disbursal
d. Management

“The main reason that companies fail, though, is because they run out of .”
Select one:
a. Customers
b. Inventory
c. Cash
d. Stock

“The objective of liquidity ensures that companies are able to meet their liabilities as they fall due, and thus remain in business.”
Select one:
a. Rare
b. TRUE
c. Sometimes
d. FALSE

“Working capital investment policy is concerned with the level of investment in assets, with one company being compared with another.”
Select one:
a. Permanent
b. Temporary
c. Current
d. Fixed
Clear my choice

. Interest rate depends upon an index and increases or decreases.
Select one:
a. Stationary
b. Variable
c. Stable
d. Fixed

.. can also be used to cover some of the risks associated with giving credit to foreign customers.
Select one:
a. Locking
b. Awards
c. Insurance
d. Rewards

Aggressive working capital finance means using more . term finance
Select one:
a. Credit
b. Short
c. Medium
d. Long
Clear my choice

Baumol model and the Miller-Orr model belong to . Management.
Select one:
a. Cash
b. Credit
c. Inventory
d. Purchase

Cash in hand and cash at bank are examples of . Assets.
Select one:
a. Current
b. Fixed
c. Working
d. Permanent

  1. Companies with the same business operations may have levels of investment in working capital as a result of adopting different working capital policies.
    Select one:
    a. lower
    b. higher
    c. different
    d. Same

Current assets /Current liabilities describes . Ratio.
Select one:
a. Fixed Asset
b. Quick
c. Liquidity
d. Asset Turnover

  1. Dividend has no relationship with the value of the firm as per Walter Model.
    Select one:
    a. Yes
    b. No
    c. Can’t say
    d. Sometimes
  2. Funds held in the form of cash do not earn a return.
    Select one:
    a. TRUE
    b. Sometimes
    c. FALSE
    d. Rare
    Clear my choice

Holding costs can be . by reducing the level of inventory held by a company.
Select one:
a. minimised
b. control
c. increased
d. reduced

Implicit cost is the cost of using the funds.
Select one:
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
c. None
d. Sometimes False

Inventory and receivables are both current assets.
Select one:
a. FALSE
b. Can’t Say
c. Sometimes
d. TRUE
Clear my choice

Is it right to say that good cash management is an essential part of good working capital management.
Select one:
a. Sometimes
b. never
c. Always
d. Can’t say
Clear my choice

JIT stands for just in . .
Select one:
a. totality
b. technical
c. tenure
d. time

  1. Money paid (cost of credit) for the use of money.
    Select one:
    a. Interest
    b. Dividend
    c. Usage Money
    d. Principal
    Clear my choice

Optimum cash balance must reflect the expected need for cash in the next budget period.
Select one:
a. never
b. Always
c. Can’t say
d. Sometimes

  1. Receiable management is all about?
    Select one:
    a. Cash Management
    b. Loan Management
    c. Credit Management
    d. All
  2. Sales made but not collected is known as .?
    Select one:
    a. A/Cs Payables
    b. A/Cs Receivables
    c. Both
    d. None
  3. Short-term finance is more flexible than long-term finance.
    Select one:
    a. TRUE
    b. FALSE
    c. Never
    d. Sometimes
  4. Short-term finance is more risky than long-term finance.
    Select one:
    a. FALSE
    b. Never
    c. Sometimes
    d. TRUE
  5. Short-term finance tends to be more .. than long-term finance.
    Select one:
    a. Softer
    b. Rigid
    c. Flexible
    d. harder
  6. The . principle suggests that long-term finance should be used for long-term investment.
    Select one:
    a. Matching
    b. Traditional
    c. Dual Aspect
    d. Monetary
  7. The cash operating cycle is the average … of time between paying trade payables and receiving cash from trade receivables.
    Select one:
    a. Lag
    b. period
    c. length
    d. gap
  8. The process of calculating present value of projected cash flows.
    Select one:
    a. Discounting
    b. Brokerage
    c. Benefit
    d. Budgeting
  9. The sales of a business or other form of revenue from operations of the business is called as .
    Select one:
    a. Profit
    b. Margin
    c. Contribution
    d. Turnover
  10. Traditionally the role of finance manager was restricted to . Of funds.
    Select one:
    a. Use
    b. Procurement
    c. Management
    d. Administration
    Wealth management and profit maximisation are the concepts.
    Select one:
    a. Yes
    b. Sometimes
    c. No
    d. Can’t say
  11. Which model belongs to cash management?
    Select one:
    a. LIFO
    b. Miller Orr
    c. HIFO
    d. ABC
  12. Which technique brings inventory and cash requirment drastically down?
    Select one:
    a. LIFO
    b. Baumal
    c. ABC
    d. JIT
    Clear my choice
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Advertising And Sales Promotion (OOBB 404)-Semester IV

Advertising And Sales Promotion (OOBB 404)-Semester IV
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Assignment Section A
Q1. What discourages clients from hiring their own specialized experts instead of employing of full-service agency?

Q2. While adhering to the Prime Direction, what is the false assumption behind “targeted” advertising agencies only working on advertising for their demographic groups?

Q3. What does a advertising/promotional planner sees as the primary purpose of the mass media?

Q4. Message strategy and tactics is known as the “creative function.” Does this mean that successful and creative movie makers be given free reign to plan message strategy and write/ produce the resulting television commercials? Why or why not?

Q5. What determines if communications strategy can make use of publicity as an effective sales tool? Explain.

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Case Study

Clutter has become synonymous with the advertising industry in recent times and this extends to all realms of marketing, offline and online. There is an increasing trend of being greeted with an explosive assortment of ads when one logs onto a website. These ads transcend genres of -commerce, consumer goods, tourism, hospitality, and more. While views on these ads may be relatively high, the recall seems to be questionable in many cases. In this scenario, tracing the consumer’s preferences for brand advertisements becomes extremely difficult. Herein, we aim to address the simple question of how a brand must aspire to break clutter and switch to viewability of the content rather than served impressions, which has been the conventional way of running ads within the industry. To transform the way ads have been programmed so far, one will need to pay close attention to the existing metrics and re-evaluate different brand strategies. The traditional route for marketers adopting online ads has been banners, images, audio, and video. The measurement was based on served impressions, i.e., the countable times that an advertisement gets fetched from the source, irrespective of whether it was clicked or not. Viewable impressions, on the other hand, are measurable to a more accurate degree. For an impression to be counted as viewable, at least 50 percent of it must be visible to the user for a minimum of one second. This provides for ‘some versus no’ value, but does it justify the money spent behind it? According to a study conducted by ComScore, 54 percent of the display ads that are up on the website are actually not seen and this is despite the fact that some of them cost a lot. It is implicit that advertisers would be interested in posts which guarantee a decidedly higher viewability, so publishers offering such inventory will be at an advantage too. There’s another bonus to this because measurable data of this sort will make it easier for rate comparison of different brands among multiple publishers. While served impressions have been working well towards adding higher numbers to charts and creating a presumption over the total awareness created through it, there are three primary concerns: If the targeted user leaves the page before it loads completely, he/she will miss the ad. A lot of search and display ads are placed at the bottom of the webpage, so if the user does not scroll all the way down, it’s a lost cause for the advertiser. If a proxy server, crawler or spider opens the page, there is no certain way to ascertain the measures. In order to ensure visibility and derive the right returns on your investments, you must plan your advertisements with the right placement and communication. With advertisement forms rapidly evolving, your strategy is incomplete without researching what works for your target audience and delivering a customised plan of action. To break away for the clutter of advertisements and to ensure you receive eyeballs and recall, the right amount of innovation and creativity must be put in to produce content that goes a long way in giving you the right bang for your buck.

Q1. How would you use advertising to break the clutter? What impact does clutter-free advertising play in increasing brand acceptance?

Q2. What does the author mean by “to transform the way ads have been programmed so far, one will need to pay close attention to the existing metrics and re-evaluate different brand strategies”?

Q3. Can you use clutter to your advantage? If yes, how? If no, why not? Support your answer with relevant examples.

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Assignment Section C

Question 1. “AIDA stands for awareness, , desire and _.”
Select one:
a. interest; action
b. intensity; appeal
c. involvement; action
d. Involvement; appeal
Clear my choice
Question 2. “Approach of message execution which follows format of style, tone, words and format to execute message of advertising is classified as”
Select one:
a. rational style
b. persuasive style
c. creative style
d. execution style
Clear my choice
Question 3. “Each organization is part of a network of other organizations such as suppliers, retailers, wholesalers, value added resellers, distributors, and other retailers, who join together, often freely, to make the product or service available to end users. This is referred to as:”
Select one:
a. Channel members
b. Customers
c. Stakeholders
d. Community
Clear my choice
Question 4. “In personal selling process, step which consists of identifying potential customers is classified as”
Select one:
a. presenting quota
b. demonstrating quota
c. prospecting
d. qualifying
Clear my choice
Question 5. “Organizations plan, design, implement, and evaluate their marketing communication activities. These activities involve the delivery of messages either to or with target audiences, through various communication tools and media. This is known as”
Select one:
a. campaigns
b. personal selling
c. public relations
d. publicity
Clear my choice
Question 6. “Sales promotion tools used to stimulate purchase, motivate salespeople and generate business leads are classified in category of”
Select one:
a. event promotion
b. off deal promotion
c. trade promotions
d. business promotions
Clear my choice
Question 7. “They are not part of the same peer group as the people they influence. Their defining characteristic is that they exert personal influence because of their profession, authority, education, or status associated with the object of the communication process. This is referred to as:”
Select one:
a. Opinion aggregators
b. Opinion followers
c. Opinion formers
d. Opinion gatherers
Clear my choice
Question 8. “This is a part of the communication process where the sender selects a combination of appropriate words, pictures, symbols and music to represent a message to be transmitted”
Select one:
a. Encoding
b. Decoding
c. Transfer
d. Feedback
Clear my choice
Question 9. “This is a series of economic transactions between parties, who have a long-term orientation towards, and are primarily motivated by, concern for each other:”
Select one:
a. Partner exchanges
b. Collaborative exchanges
c. Co-operative transfer
d. Partner exchange
Clear my choice
Question 10. “This is part of the communication process where receivers unpack the various components of the message, and begin to make sense and give the message meaning”
Select one:
a. Encoding
b. Decoding
c. Transfer
d. Noise
Clear my choice
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Question 11. “Which of the following is the communication model that depicts information flowing via various media channels, to particular types of people to whom other members of the audience refer for information and guidance?”
Select one:
a. Two-step
b. Three-step
c. Multi-step
d. One-step
Clear my choice
Question 12. ‘Particular communication that must be achieve within definite target audience within specific time is classified as
Select one:
a. message decision
b. media decision
c. advertising objective
d. advertising evaluation
Clear my choice
Question 13. Addressable media are used
Select one:
a. to deliver customised marketing messages to identifiable prospects
b. for two-way communication
c. for social media
d. none of the above
Clear my choice
Question 14. Consumer promotion technique according to which seller sells two or three units of product at reduced price is classified as
Select one:
a. price packs
b. Discounts
c. advertising specialties
d. Both 1 and 2
Clear my choice
Question 15. Consumer promotion technique through which brand marketing event is created by company or it participates in other sponsored event is classified as
Select one:
a. event marketing
b. sponsored marketing
c. branding
d. premium marketing
Clear my choice
Question 16. Extensive local penetration and coverage is indicative of
Select one:
a. Magazines
b. Online Advertising
c. Social Media
d. Newspapers
Clear my choice
Question 17. Interactive media can be best described as
Select one:
a. Customized Marketing Messages
b. Marketing Communications Mix
c. Marketing Mix
d. Media that allow two-way messages between company and consumer
Clear my choice
Question 18. Marketing communications is used to achieve one of two principal goals. The first concerns the development of brand values. What is the other goal?
Select one:
a. Increasing sales
b. Informing about products
c. Changing the behaviour of target audiences
d. Channelling communication tools
Clear my choice
Question 19. Media strategy is making media decisions based on
Select one:
a. Whims of the market
b. Understanding customers wants and needs
c. Brand awareness
d. The client s wishes
Clear my choice
Question 20. One weakness in using out-of-home media is
Select one:
a. Demographic Flexibility
b. Relatively Low Cost
c. Delivers Excellent Reach
d. Difficult to Measure and Control
Clear my choice
Question 21. Personal selling step in which sales person asks for an order to customer is classified as
Select one:
a. shipper approach
b. handling shipment
c. closing
d. follow up
Clear my choice
Question 22. Possible objectives of advertising includes
Select one:
a. persuasive advertising
b. reminder advertising
c. Information advertising
d. All of the above
Clear my choice
Question 23. Promotion technique for consumers according to which demonstrations and displays of products made at place of sale is called
Select one:
a. point of purchase promotion
b. Discounts
c. sales premium
d. advertising specialties
Clear my choice
Question 24. Resources and dollars allocated to company’s or product’s promotional program are classified as
Select one:
a. advertising messages
b. advertising budget
c. advertising strategy
d. advertising objective
Clear my choice
Question 25. Sales force structure in which a sales representatives works to sell specific items of product line is classified as
Select one:
a. indirect sales force structure
b. territorial sales force structure
c. customer sales force structure
d. product sales force structure
Clear my choice
Question 26. Step in personal selling process which consists of first meeting first meeting between customer and sales person is called
Select one:
a. qualifying
b. prospecting
c. follow up
d. approach
Clear my choice
Question 27. Strategic media planning is a complex challenge because advertises must use their knowledge of
Select one:
a. Psychographics
b. Behavioural characteristics
c. Demographics
d. All of the above
Clear my choice
Question 28. The marketing communications strategy of the marketing mix deals exclusively with
Select one:
a. personal selling and advertising
b. advertising and public relations
c. “advertising, publicity, and pricing”
d. “personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, and public relations”
Clear my choice
Question 29. The role of marketing communications is to engage audiences and there are four main tasks that it can be used to complete. Which of the following is not part of the four main tasks?
Select one:
a. Differentiate
b. Participate
c. Reinforce
d. Inform
Clear my choice
Question 30. The success of marketing communication depends upon the extent to which messages engage their audiences. These audiences can be seen to fall into three main groups
Select one:
a. “Customers, general public, and sales personnel”
b. “Customers, channel members, and general stakeholders”
c. “Customers, general stakeholders, and club members”
d. “General public, club members, and general stakeholders”
Clear my choice
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Question 31. Third step in personal selling process after completion of pre-approach step is to
Select one:
a. prospecting and qualifying
b. handling objections
c. approach
d. presentation and demonstration
Clear my choice
Question 32. This approach has been used to convey particular information and help educate large target audiences through television and radio programmes. This approach is referred to as:
Select one:
a. Opinion followers
b. Opinion formers
c. Public relations
d. Opinion leaders
Clear my choice
Question 33. This is a hierarchy of effects or sequential model used to explain how advertising works:
Select one:
a. ADD
b. AIDA
c. PESTLE
d. SWOT
Clear my choice
Question 34. This is part of the communication process and refers to the responses offered by receivers:
Select one:
a. Encoding
b. Decoding
c. Transfer
d. Feedback
Clear my choice
Question 35. This is the sharing of meaning created through the transmission of information
Select one:
a. Communication
b. Noise
c. Transfer
d. Understanding
Clear my choice
Question 36. Type of sales person who work from their offices through internet or telephone are classified as
Select one:
a. channel intermediaries
b. nominal sales force
c. inside sales force
d. outside sales force
Clear my choice
Question 37. Which of the following is the interpersonal communication about products or services where a receiver regards the communicator as impartial and is not attempting to sell products or services?
Select one:
a. Word of Mouth (WOM)
b. Personal Selling (PS)
c. Direct Marketing (DM)
d. Customer Service (CS)
Clear my choice
Question 38. Which of the following terms best fits the activity of marketing communications?
Select one:
a. Making products available
b. Convenience of location
c. High level of regulation
d. Communication between stakeholders
Clear my choice
Question 39. _______is an important element in the communication process. It recognizes that successful communications are more likely to be achieved if the source and the receiver understand each other. Select one: a. The realm of understanding b. Personal selling c. Noise d. Feedback Clear my choice Question 40. _________ is concerned with the development of knowledge that is specific to the parties involved and is referred to as ‘learning together’
Select one:
a. Dialogue
b. Personal influencer
c. Feedback
d. Message
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