Environment Studies (OEDL 206)-Semester II

Environment Studies (OEDL 206)-Semester II

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Tropical Rain Forests Area under tropical rainforest covers 10 degrees north or south of the equator. Tropical rainforests are present in different parts of the world like Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Central America, Mexico and he pacific islands. These are also known as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforests. Minimum normal annual rainfall between ,1750 millimeters (69 in) and 2,000 millimeters (79 in) occurs in this climate region. Mean monthly temperatures exceed 18 °C (64 °F) during all months of the year. Rainforests are home to half of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. Tropical rainforests are called the “world’s largest pharmacy”, because over one-quarter of modern medicines originate from its plants. The undergrowth in a rainforest is restricted in many areas by the lack of sunlight at ground level. This makes it possible for people and other animals to walk through the forest. If the leaf canopy is destroyed or thinned for any reason, the ground beneath is soon colonised by a dense tangled growth of vines, shrubs and small trees called a jungle.

Question 1 : An integrated environment of living and non-living things interacting with each other and creating a unique biological, chemical and physical environment is known as –

Select one:

a. Eco environment

b. Eco friendly

c. Ecosystem

d. Ecological

Question 2

Ecology is distinguishable according to the ______.

Select one:

a. Geographical and biological factors.

b. Climatic

c. Both of the above

d. None of the above

Question 3

Ecosystems are divided into

Select one:

a. Terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.

b. Land based ecosystem and water based ecosystem

c. Both of the above

d. None of the above

Question 4

Energy flow in ecosystem is ____.

Select one:

a. Bidirectional

b. Unidirectional

c. All around

d. All of the above

Question 5

Man made ecosystem can be seen in the form of –

Select one:

a. Tissue Culture

b. Forest

c. Aquarium

d. All of the above

Question 6

The environment where the organism or communities live is known as –

Select one:

a. Niche

b. Habit

c. Habitat

d. None of the above

Question 7

The plant of cold or temperate habitat require low temperature for their growth are called –

Select one:

a. Mega herms

b. Mesoderm’s

c. Microtherm

d. Ekistotherms

Question 8

The Water vapor present in the unit volume of air is called –

Select one:

a. Relative humidity

b. Static humidity

c. Absolute humidity

d. Total humidity

Question 9

What is Biodiversity ?

Select one:

a. Many types of flora and fauna in one forest

b. Many types of flora in much forest

c. Many population of one species in one forest

d. All of the above

Question 10

What is the cause for highest biomass in aquatic ecosystem?

Select one:

a. Benthonic and brown algae

b. Sea grass and slime molds

c. Nanoplankton, blue green algae, green algae

d. None of the above

10/10

Module 2

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important management tool for

ensuring optimal use of natural resources for sustainable development. Environmental Impact Assessment is a planning tool whose main purpose is: “to give the environment its due place in the decision-making process by clearly evaluating the environmental Consequences of a proposed activity before action is taken. The concept has ramifications in the long run for almost all development activity because sustainable development depends on protecting the natural resources which is the foundation for further development” EIA is conducted through the following steps: screening, Scoping, Prediction and mitigation, managing, monitoring and audit. Every development project has to go through the EIA so that we can assess in advance the various impacts, Negative and positive, of the proposed developed project. For this governments of almost the entire nation had laid down procedures for the same. For conducting the EIA. We can use different methods, such as baseline studies, checklists, matrices, network diagrams, overlays and mathematical modeling. The EIA report is submitted to the governmental agencies and if they give the approval then only the project is carried further. The major benefits of conducting on EIA are prevention of any permanent changes in the environment by the project, the assessment of the impact caused by the project, the project can be modified to save the resources required, increased acceptance level of the proposed project, and avoiding any violations of laws and regulations. Improved project performance helps in curtailing treatment/clean-up costs. With the help of TQM and Environmental management system we can not only increase the customer satisfaction level, but can also improve the use of natural resources, reduce environmental impact and reduce cost of production. By this objective the companies are implementing TQM and EMS approaches.

Question 1 : Areas which come under environmental audit, is/are –

Select one:

a. Material management, savings and alternatives

b. Energy management and savings

c. Water management and economy of use

d. All of the above

Question 2

EIA involves –

Select one:

a. “Assessment of existing environment, analysis of various factors of ecosystem and adverse impact of the project on it and on the people of the surrounding.”

b. Assessment of the economic and social benefits which a project will yield after implementation.

c. Assessment of the impact of the proposed project on the environment in general sense.

d. Assessment of the impact of the proposed project on the habitats of the animals living nearby.

Question 3

Environmental audit is conducted in stages –

Select one:

a. Pre-audit

b. On-site audit

c. Post-audit

d. All of the above

Question 4

ISO 14000 deals with-

Select one:

a. General guidelines on principles of EMS.

b. Guideline for environmental auditing or General principle of auditing.

c. Guidelines for certification.

d. Life cycle assessment.

Question 5

Landfill is a place where-

Select one:

a. Usually the biodegradable waste is dumped and it decomposes in to store of manure.

b. Any kind of waste is dumped and is left there as place for disposal was not available.

c. There is deep trench and waste is used to fill the trench.

d. The water resource is filled by waste to create land.

Question 6

The cost of environmental assessment depends on

Select one:

a. The size of the project

b. The economic benefits

c. Criticality in the development process

d. All of the above

Question 7

The new series of ISO14000 standards are designed to cover:

Select one:

a. Environmental management systems

b. Environmental auditing

c. Life-cycle assessment

d. All of the above

Question 8

What is a Baseline Study ?

Select one:

a. Method of finding the status of various factors pertaining to environment and society.

b. Method of finding the status of various factors pertaining to environment.

c. Both of the above

d. None of the above

Question 9

What is a Checklist?

Select one:

a. Tool to collect, represent and interpret data for conducting an EIA.

b. Tool to collect, data for conducting an EIA.

c. Tool to collect, and interpret data for conducting an EIA.

d. None of the above

Question 10

What is the long-term aim of EIA?

Select one:

a. To promote sustainable development by ensuring that development proposals

b. To inform the process of decision-making by identifying the potentially significant environmental effects and risks of development proposals.

c. Both of the above

d. None of the above

10/10

Module 3

The first of the major environmental protection act to be promulgated in India was:

Select one:

a. Air Act

b. Noise Pollution Rule

c. Environmental Act

d. Water Act

Question 2

Incinerators and Emissions pollutants are responsible for the cause of __________?

Select one:

a. Methane

b. Species

c. Nitrous oxide

d. SMOG

Question 3

The Water Act contains:

Select one:

a. 5 Chapters

b. 6 Chapters

c. 7 Chapters

d. 4 Chapters

Question 4

Which of the following environmental law allows private rights to use a resource that is, groundwater, by viewing it as an attachment to the land?

Select one:

a. Factories Act

b. Indian Fisheries Act

c. Easement Act

d. All of these

Question 5

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in the year:

Select one:

a. 1975

b. 1974

c. 1986

d. 1994

Question 6

Noise pollution has been inserted as pollution in the Air Act in:

Select one:

a. 1981

b. 1982

c. 2000

d. 1987

Question 7

One of the following is air pollution?

Select one:

a. Bryophytes

b. Species

c. Lichens

d. Algae

Question 8

Global warming also refers to as-

Select one:

a. Atmosphere change

b. Climate change

c. None of these

d. Ecological change

Question 9

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

Select one:

a. Carbon monoxide

b. Nitrous oxide

c. Methane

d. Carbon di-oxide

Question 10

Which of the following is (are) the anticipated effect(s) of Global warming?

Select one:

a. All of these

b. Expansion of deserts

c. Changing precipitation

d. Rising sea levels

10/10

Module 4

Resources that people use are concentrated on the

Select one:

a. Earth

b. Continental Shelf

c. Ocean Shelf

d. Ocean Water

Question 2

Which of the following is best method from environment point of view?

Select one:

a. Reduce

b. Reuse

c. Recycle

d. All of these

Question 3________________the water is delivered to the surface of the soil directly above the root system of the plants. In subsurface drip irrigation the water is applied directly to the root system.

Select one:

a. Both Of these

b. Subsurface drip irrigation

c. Surface drip irrigation

d. None of these

Question 4

_____________ of water is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants and gases from water.

Select one:

a. Rainwater harvesting

b. Oxidation

c. Purification

d. Sublimation

Question 5

When was the ‘Sustainable Development’ came into existence?

Select one:

a. 1986

b. 1980

c. 1982

d. 1984

Question 6

Which of the following is/are not an objective (s) of sustainable development?

Select one:

a. Maintain a dynamic balance of water resources

b. Maintain a dynamic balance of arable land

c. To bring about a gradual and sometime catastrophic transformation of environment

d. Continue to implement the family planning program.

Question 7

Resources which are found everywhere are called ________ .

Select one:

a. Biotic Resource

b. Ubiquitous Resource

c. Potential Resource

d. Renewable Resource

Question 8

Floods can be prevented by

Select one:

a. Afforestation

b. Removing top soil

c. Deforestation

d. Agriculture

Question 9

Which of the following environmental law allows private rights to use a resource that is, groundwater, by viewing it as an attachment to the land?

Select one:

a. Easement Act

b. All of these

c. Indian Fisheries Act

d. Factories Act

Question 10

Rain Water Harvesting diminishes___________ by diminishing the probability of runoffs during times of hefty precipitation.

Select one:

a. None of these

b. Flooding

c. Soil disintegration

d. Both Of these

10/10

Module 5

Question 1

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on

Select one:

a. 1-Dec-48

b. 31-Dec-48

c. 10-Dec-48

d. 11-Dec-48

Question 2

When did Janani Suraksha Yojana launched?

Select one:

a. 2005

b. 2003

c. 2002

d. 2004

Question 3

Helsinki Declaration, 1964 is concerned with

Select one:

a. Gender discrimination

b. War prevention

c. Human Experimentation

d. Child Abuse

Question 4

Janani Suraksha Yojana works –

Select one:

a. Pensions to widow women

b. Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality

c. shelters to poor people

d. Encourage people to use safe sexual methods

Question 5

Which programme comes in Family Welfare ?

Select one:

a. Malnutrition programme

b. One child one nation policy

c. IUD programme

d. Child marriage

Question 6

Study of trends in human population growth and prediction of future growth is called

Select one:

a. Psychology

b. Demography

c. Biography

d. Paleography

Question 7

Who can be appointed as the chairman of the National Human Rights Commission?

Select one:

a. Retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

b. Retired Chief Justice of any High Court

c. Judge of the Supreme Court

d. Person appointed by the President

Question 8

Which is the first country to initiate a Family Planning program in the world?

Select one:

a. China

b. India

c. France

d. US

Question 9

What is the reason for poor standard of living and malnutrition in India?

Select one:

a. Due to over population

b. Due to the poor economy of India

c. Due to absence of natural resources

d. Due to environmental conditions

Question 10

The protection of Human Rights Act in India was enacted in the year

Select one:

a. 1990

b. 1991

c. 1992

d. 1993

10/10

Assignment 2

Case study

Major Ecosystems of the World The structure of the ecosystem is characterized by the organization of both the biotic as well as abiotic animals. The structure of the ecosystem can primarily be divided into the two most important components, biotic and abiotic.

Biotic Components : Biotic components have referred to life in general in any ecosystem. Based on the types of nutrition, biotic components can be divided into the following categories: • Producers • Consumer • Primary consumer • Secondary consumer • Tertiary consumer • Quaternary consumer • Decomposers.

Abiotic Components : Abiotic components are the non-living components of this ecosystem. This includes air, water, sunlight, nutrients, and turbidity. Abiotic Components Abiotic components are the non-living components of this ecosystem. This includes air, water, sunlight, nutrients, and turbidity.

Desert Ecosystems : The most common feature of the desert ecosystem is low precipitation that ranges from zero to 10 inches. Plants comprised of desert flora, sagebrush, and mesquite, quickly developing annuals that can rapidly begin from seed after an uncommon downpour in the sand dunes. Desert ecosystems will, in general, be those that can tunnel to get away from the desert warmth, and they frequently look for food after the dry condition. Desert is found throughout the world. These are areas with next to no precipitation. The days are hot and the evenings are cold.

The Taiga Ecosystem : The Taiga land zone bolsters a huge populace of conifers, especially tidy and fir. Lakes, swamps, and bogs accentuate the scene. There are fewer kinds of plants and creatures than in the woodland. Long winters set up for sleeping vertebrates and moving fowls.

The Tundra Ecosystem: The Tundra lies at extraordinary scopes where trees develop nearly nothing or not in the least. Cold winter makes a layer of permafrost under the dirt. The developing season is short, delivering little aside from greenery, lichens, and a few kinds of grass and annuals which uphold Caribou and bugs. Winged creatures raise their young in the late spring before relocating. Tundra environments are without trees and are found in chilly atmospheres or where precipitation is scant. These are secured with snow for the majority of the year. The environment in the Arctic or peaks is tundra type.The Chaparral Ecosystem: The Chaparral may get up to 30 centimetres of precipitation every year, generally throughout the winter. Plants lie lethargic during its dry summers. The Chaparral is found in California. Trees are generally oaks. Grapes, olives, and figs do well in the Chaparral, as do eucalyptus.

Question 1: Where life exists is known as-

Select one:

a. Biosphere

b. Atmosphere

c. Lithosphere

d. Hydrosphere

Question 2

Ecosystem is smallest unit of

Select one:

a. Ionosphere

b. Lithosphere

c. Biosphere

d. Mesosphere

Question 3

____________is an example of lotic biome.

Select one:

a. Oceans

b. Rivers

c. Lakes

d. All of the above

Question 4

In an ecosystem, ___________ is/are the type of entities occupies more than one trophic level?

Select one:

a. Fish

b. Lion

c. Snake

d. Lizard

Question 5

______________ecosystem has the maximum biomass.

Select one:

a. Forest

b. Mountain

c. Lake

d. Grassland

Question 6

Energy _____ in an Ecosystem.

Select one:

a. Released

b. Flows

c. Moved

d. Travel

Question 7

The set of ecosystems is ______.

Select one:

a. Abiome

b. Biome

c. Structure

d. System

Question 8

Every Ecosystem has ___ major component(s).

Select one:

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

Question 9

Herbivores are ________.

Select one:

a. Primary Consumers

b. Secondary

c. Tertiary

d. None of the above

Question 10

Carnivores are _______________.

Select one:

a. Primary Consumers

b. Secondary

c. Tertiary

d. None of the above

10/10

Environment Studies (OEDL 206)-Semester II

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